Drinking Water Engineering and Science Discussions www.drink-water-eng-sci-discuss.net 1996-9473 1996-9481 2 1 2009 10.5194/dwesd-2-65-2009 http://www.drink-water-eng-sci-discuss.net/2/65/2009/ http://www.drink-water-eng-sci-discuss.net/2/65/2009/dwesd-2-65-2009.html http://www.drink-water-eng-sci-discuss.net/2/65/2009/dwesd-2-65-2009.pdf 65 77 2009-03-02 Technical Note: Community of bacteria attached on the PVDF MF membrane surface fouled from drinking water treatment, in Seoul, Korea Kyongmi Chon Kangmin Chon Jin-Soo Chang Heekyong Oh Euisin Lee Jaeweon Cho jwcho@gist.ac.kr NOM Ecology Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), 1 Oryong-dong, Buk-gu, Gwangju 500-712, Korea Environmental Technology Research Team, DAEWOO E&C, 60 Songjuk-dong Jangan-gu Suwon city Gyeonggi-do, Korea Alpha, beta, and gamma proteobacteria comprise approximate 68, 16, and 7% of all identified bacteria. In this study, bacterial communities that had fouled polyvinylidene fluoride microfiltration membranes, which are used for drinking water treatment, over an 18 month period were analyzed using the 16s rRNA gene clone library method. The alpha, beta, and gamma proteobacteria were composed of mainly <i>Bradyrhizobium</i> and <i>Rhodopseudomonas</i>, <i>Ralstonia</i>, and <i>Legionella</i>, respectively. The presence of a relatively high amount of alpha proteobacteria was due to the oligotrophic condition of the drinking water source, the Han River, tested in this specific case study. The second most prominent bacteria community was the beta proteobacteria, which are typically found in a freshwater environment. This finding supports the notion that the drinking water source was relatively clean. Analyses of the organic foulants indicated that the they were most likely from extra cellular polymers and/or cell fractured chemicals from bacteria or micro-organisms, as identified using organic characterizing tools, including 3 dimensional fluorescence excitation-emission matrix and Fourier transform IR analyses. Chen, C.-L., Liu, W.-T., Chong, M.-L., Wong, M.-T., Ong, S. L., Seah, H., and Ng, W. J.: Community structure of microbial biofilms associated with membrane-based water purification processes as revealed using a polyphasic approach, Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 63, 466–473, 2004. Hall, T. A.: BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT, Nucleic Acids Symp. Ser. 41, 95–98, 1999. Ivnitsky, H., Katz, I., Minz, D., Volvovic, G., Shimoni, E., Kesselman, E., Semiat, R., Dosoretz, C. G.: Bacterial community composition and structure of biofilms developing on nanofiltration membranes applied to wastewater treatment, 41, 3924–3925, 2007. Kalmbach, S., Manz, W., Bendinger, B., and Szewzyk, U.: In situ probing reveals Aquabacterium Commune as a widespread and highly abundant bacterial species in drinking water biofilms, Water Res., 34(2), 575–581, 2000. Kumar, S., Tamura, K., and Nei, M.: MEGA3: Integrated software for Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis and sequence alignment, Brief. Bioinform., 5, 150–163, 2004. Kwon, B., Lee, S., Cho, J., Ahn, H., Lee, D., and Shin, H. S.: Biodegradability, DBP formation, and membrane fouling potential of natural organic matter: Characterization and controllability, Environ. Sci. Technol., 39, 732–739, 2005. Lee, N., Amy, G., and Croue, J.-P.: Low-pressure membrane (MF/UF) fouling associated with allochthonous versus autochthonous natural organic matter, Water Res., 40, 2357–2368, 2006.. Leenheer, J. A., Croue, J.-P., Benjamin, M., Korshin, G. V., Hwang, C. J., Bruchet, A., and Aiken, G. R.: Comprehensive isolation of natural organic matter from water for spectral characterizations and reactivity testing, ACS Symp. Ser., 76, 68–83, 2000.. Miura, Y., Hiraiwa, M. N., Ito, T., Itonaga, T., Watanabe, Y., and Okabe, S.: Bacterial community structures in MBRs treating municipal wastewater: relationship between community stability and reactor performance, Water Res., 41, 627–637, 2007. Pang, C. M. and Liu, W.-T.: Community structure analysis of reverse osmosis membrane biofilms and the significnace of Rhizobiales bacteria in biofouling, Environ. Sci. Technol., 41, 4728–4734, 2007. Pinhassi, J. and Hagström, Å.: Seasonal succession in marine bacterioplankton, Aquat. Microb. Ecol., 21, 245–256, 2000. Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F., and Higgins, D. G.: The Clustal_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools, Nucleic Acids Res., 24, 4876–4882, 1997. Weisburg, W. G., Barns, S. M., Pelletier, D. A., and Lane, D. J.: 16S ribosomal DNA amplification for phylogenetic study, J. Bacteriol., 173, 697–703, 1991.